One of the best things about London is its free museums and galleries. Yes, you read it right, free!
Growing up in the Philippines, I rarely visited museums and galleries outside of rushed school field trips. Art wasn’t exactly my thing but I’ve always been curious. And while I may not be the most knowledgeable person about paintings, I love learning about the stories behind them.
If you’re like me, not necessarily an art buff but someone who enjoys history, culture and a good story, this guide is for you.
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10 Must-See Famous Paintings in the National Gallery
Here are the famous paintings in the National Gallery that are actually interesting and worth seeing even for first-time visitors who aren’t hardcore art lovers (and even if you don’t know your Van Goghs from your Vermeers).
🎥 To help you appreciate the artworks better, I’ve embedded YouTube and TikTok videos (some from the National Gallery’s official account) that explain the symbolism, significance and history behind these masterpieces.
Before you go, check out the National Gallery Official Website as some paintings mentioned here may be temporarily moved or not on display.
1. Sunflowers – Van Gogh (1888)
Vincent van Gogh is a name that would pop up in one’s mind when asked to name a famous painter.
And if there’s one painting that even non-art lovers recognize, it’s Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. You’ve probably seen it on tote bags, notebooks or even in a random café somewhere.
But seeing it in person is a whole different experience. The thick, textured brushstrokes and vibrant yellows make this painting almost glow.
Why it’s worth seeing: It’s one of Van Gogh’s most famous works, painted during a brief happy period in his life. Standing in front of it, you can feel the energy and emotion behind each brushstroke.
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2. The Beach at Trouville – Claude Monet (1870)
This is not your typical Monet! Instead of his famous water lilies, this painting captures a beach day in France. It feels relaxed, breezy and casual, almost like a snapshot of real life in the 19th century.
Why it’s worth seeing: It’s different from the usual Monet paintings and shows how Impressionists captured everyday moments with light and movement.
3. The Arnolfini Portrait – Jan van Eyck (1434)
At first glance, it looks like a simple wedding portrait of a couple in a fancy room. But take a closer look, the details in this painting are insane. The reflection in the mirror, the symbolism in their clothes, even the tiny dog. It’s like a mystery waiting to be solved.
Why it’s worth seeing: It’s one of the most analyzed paintings in history. Who are these people? What’s the meaning behind the hidden details? Seeing it in person makes it even more intriguing.
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4. The Virgin of the Rocks – Leonardo da Vinci’s (about 1491/2-9 and 1506-8)
We’ve learned about Leonardo da Vinci since our primary school days either in science classes for his inventions or humanities for his artistic genius. Now, you can see one of his masterpieces up close.
The National Gallery’s painting is actually the second version of The Virgin of the Rocks. It was likely created to replace the original, now housed in the Louvre, Paris. Leonardo sold it due to a payment dispute with the confraternity that commissioned it.
This version shows Leonardo’s mastery of light and shadow, with his famous “sfumato” technique, a soft-focus effect that makes the figures appear almost ethereal.
🔹 Why it’s worth seeing: The subtle differences between this and the Louvre’s version continue to intrigue art historians. The composition, lighting, and expressions make this painting a must-see for Da Vinci fans.
5. The Supper at Emmaus – Caravaggio (1601)
Caravaggio was the bad boy of Baroque art. His paintings were dramatic, intense and full of emotion. The Supper at Emmaus captures the moment Jesus reveals himself to his disciples after resurrection, and their shocked expressions make you feel like you’re witnessing it in real-time.
Why it’s worth seeing: The way Caravaggio uses light and shadow is mesmerizing. Even if you don’t know the story, the drama in this painting will pull you in.
6. Madame Moitessier – Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1856)
At first, this might seem like just another fancy portrait, but look again, Madame Moitessier is iconic. The insane level of detail, from the folds of her dress to the reflection in the mirror, makes this painting feel lifelike.
Why it’s worth seeing: If you appreciate fashion and elegance, this painting is a must-see. It’s like the ultimate Regency-era Instagram post.
7. The Ambassadors – Hans Holbein the Younger (1543)
This double portrait of two French diplomats is famous for its hidden skull illusion. The skull illusion is best viewed from a specific angle. Can you see it? The objects in the painting symbolize politics, knowledge and power.
Why it’s worth seeing: The optical illusion and symbolism make it one of the most intriguing works in the National Gallery.
8. Rembrandt’s Self-Portrait at the Age of 34 (1640)
Imagine taking a selfie but make it 17th-century style. Rembrandt painted over 80 self-portraits in his lifetime, and this one is a standout. The way he captures expression and personality makes it feel like you’re looking at an actual person rather than a centuries-old painting.
Why it’s worth seeing: It’s a masterclass in lighting and human emotion. Plus, it’s fascinating to see how people in the 1600s had the same curiosity about their own appearance as we do today.
9. Madame de Pompadour at Her Tambour Frame – François-Hubert Drouais (1763–1764)
This painting of Madame de Pompadour, mistress of Louis XV, highlights the grace and sophistication of French aristocracy. Her love for the arts and literature is reflected in this masterpiece.
Why it’s worth seeing: It gives insight into the influence of women in 18th-century France and showcases delicate Rococo style.
10. The Entombment – Michaelangelo (1500-01)
You know that guy who painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling? Yes, this is Michaelangelo’s work. The Entombment is an unfinished work but it still captures the raw emotion of Christ’s burial.
Why it’s worth seeing: Seeing an unfinished Michelangelo painting offers a glimpse into the artist’s process and genius.
Other paintings to check out if you have time:
These are some paintings that have caught my attention. The stories behind it are fascinating too!
The Execution of Lady Jane Grey – Paul Delaroche
This painting brings to life a real event from 1554, when Lady Jane Grey, the “Nine Days’ Queen,” was executed after being overthrown by Mary I. Delaroche’s dramatic use of light and shadow emphasizes the tragedy of her fate, making it one of the most emotionally powerful works in the gallery.
Why it caught my attention: I first heard about this painting while scrolling through social media. The way it depicts this tragic moment in history made me curious but I had no idea it was in the National Gallery. When I found out, I made sure to look for it.
The painting shows the distraught ladies-in-waiting while Lady Jane Grey stands out in her white gown, in contrast to the dark surroundings. Her blindfold and delicate posture add to the sense of innocence and helplessness. It was truly heartbreaking to see in person.
An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump (1768) – Joseph Wright ‘of Derby’
The painting shows a scientific experiment where a bird is trapped in a glass chamber with no air. The people watching have different reactions, some look curious, while others seem horrified.
Why it has caught my attention: As I was looking through the paintings, this one immediately stood out not just for its dramatic lighting but for the raw emotions on the faces of the onlookers. The fearful expression of the young girl, framed perfectly by the glow of the candlelight, makes you feel as though you’re witnessing a real unsettling moment.
Samson and Delilah (1609-10) Peter Paul Rubens
This painting depicts the moment when Delilah betrays Samson by cutting his hair while he sleeps. The soft candlelight, deep red fabrics, and rich textures enhance the intensity of the scene. The emotional expressions and muscular tension make this painting a masterpiece of Baroque drama.
Why it caught my attention: I’m familiar with the biblical story, and the painting’s rich colours, dramatic intensity and composition bring it to life. The contrast between Samson’s vulnerability and Delilah’s calculated betrayal makes this a striking and unforgettable artwork.
My Experience at the National Gallery
I’ll admit, I was in a bit of a rush when I arrived. I had mistakenly entered the National Portrait Gallery first, thinking it was the National Gallery! Since I was already there, I decided to check it out briefly.
By the time I arrived at the National Gallery, it was already 5 PM. I thought I only had an hour left because I assumed the museum would close at 6 PM.
The first hour was busy, with students, guided tours and individual visitors filling the gallery. However, by 6:30 PM, the crowd began to thin out, making it much easier to appreciate the masterpieces without distractions.
Lucky for me, it was a Friday, and the Gallery stays open until 9 PM on Fridays. This gave me plenty of time to explore the rooms and enjoy the artworks at my own pace.
Why You Should Visit the National Gallery (Even If You’re Not an Art Buff)
You don’t need to be an art expert to appreciate and enjoy the National Gallery.
✅ It’s Free!
London is expensive but the National Gallery offers world-class art for free. You can walk in anytime, explore at your own pace and even come back multiple times without spending a penny.
✅ You Already Know Some of the Art
Even if you don’t consider yourself an art lover, you’ve likely seen Van Gogh’s Sunflowers, Monet’s works, or Da Vinci’s paintings somewhere whether on postcards, books or even in pop culture. Seeing these masterpieces in real life is an entirely different experience.
✅ The Stories Behind the Paintings Are Fascinating
Art isn’t just about technique. It’s about history, mystery, and drama. Each painting has an intriguing story that makes it more than just “a nice picture on the wall.”
Tips for Visiting the National Gallery for First-Time Visitors
🖼️ Start with a few must-see paintings
The Gallery is huge. It’s easy to get overwhelmed. If you’re short on time, focus on a handful of highlights, like Sunflowers or The Arnolfini Portrait.
👉🏻 Follow the signs but don’t be afraid to get lost
I initially followed the signs to Van Gogh but stumbling upon other masterpieces along the way made my visit even more special.
🗺️ Download the official map for easier navigation
I didn’t check the map before my visit but if you want a more structured route, it’s best to download it beforehand.
🕖 Go in the morning or late afternoon
It gets crowded so visiting early or after 6:30 PM (especially on Fridays when the Gallery is open until 9 PM) helps avoid the rush.
How to Get to the National Gallery
📍 Address: The National Gallery
Trafalgar Square, London WC2N 5DN, United Kingdom
🚇 By Tube:
- Charing Cross (Bakerloo & Northern lines) – 2-minute walk
- Leicester Square (Piccadilly & Northern lines) – 5-minute walk
- Embankment (Circle, District, Northern & Bakerloo lines) – 7-minute walk
🚌 By Bus:
Buses 9, 12, 23, 88, 139, 159 and 453 stop nearby.
🚶 By Foot:
The Gallery is in Trafalgar Square, a central location within walking distance from Covent Garden, Soho, and Westminster.
🚖 By Car:
- Limited on-street parking; visitors are encouraged to use public transport.
- The nearest car parks are at Q-Park Trafalgar and St. Martin’s Lane.
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Planning Your Visit to the National Gallery
Always check National Gallery Official Website to see which paintings are currently displayed as some might have been temporarily moved or not on display.
🏛️ Entrances & Security:
- The main entrance is the Portico, with step-free access at the Getty Entrance.
- All doors have walk-through metal detectors, and bags/rucksacks are inspected before entry.
🧥Facilities:
- Toilets and baby changing facilities are available near the main entrance.
- Free WiFi is available. Look for ‘National Gallery’.
- Cloakroom fee: £2 per item (free for Members).
- Baby buggies are welcome inside the Gallery.
🛍️ Food & Shopping:
- Muriel’s Kitchen Café: A great spot for coffee, sandwiches, and desserts. Perfect for a break between exploring.
- The National Gallery Shop: Pick up art prints, books, postcards and exclusive souvenirs inspired by the masterpieces on display.
🎨 Creative Activities:
- Visitors are encouraged to sketch inside using pencils, graphite sticks, or felt-tip pens.
- Join one of the creative sessions offered by the Gallery for inspiration.
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Final Thoughts
You don’t need to be an art expert to enjoy the National Gallery. If you’re even a little bit curious, these masterpieces will give you a new appreciation for art without the pressure of knowing all the fancy terms.
So, next time you’re in London, step inside and take a look. Who knows? You might just walk out with a new favourite painting.
Have you visited the National Gallery? Which painting stood out to you? Let me know in the comments!
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